How did the Franco-Spanish attack on Gibraltar in 1782 ultimately fail?

The failure of the Franco-Spanish attack on Gibraltar in 1782 can primarily be attributed to the effective and accurate cannon fire from the British forces. Throughout the siege, the British defenders demonstrated remarkable skill in their artillery operations, which played a pivotal role in thwarting the attacking fleet's efforts. Specifically, British cannon fire successfully targeted and destroyed the floating gun batteries that the Franco-Spanish forces used as part of their siege tactics. This not only diminished the attacking force's capability to lay siege to Gibraltar but also maintained the morale and defensive posture of the British garrison. The precision of this cannon fire significantly impeded the combined forces' strategic objectives, ultimately leading to their failure in capturing the fortress.