What health issue did Captain Cook primarily aim to combat on his voyages?

Captain Cook primarily aimed to combat scurvy on his voyages, which was a significant health issue for sailors during the Age of Sail. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which can lead to symptoms such as weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems. During long sea voyages, sailors often had limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamin C.

Cook understood the devastating effects of scurvy, having experienced its impact firsthand among his crew and noted its prevalence on prolonged maritime journeys. To address this, he implemented innovative dietary measures, notably supplying his crew with fresh produce like sauerkraut, and later lemon juice and lime, which contributed significantly to reducing the incidence of scurvy.

This focus on preventing scurvy during voyages was crucial for maintaining the health of the crew, ensuring that they could perform their duties effectively, and successfully complete their lengthy expeditions. While other health issues aboard ships were certainly present, Captain Cook's specific interventions against scurvy highlight his contributions to maritime medicine and the health of sailors in that era.