What transition took place affecting navigation and warfare in the late 19th century?

The transition from sail power to steam power in the late 19th century had a profound impact on navigation and warfare. This shift transformed naval operations by introducing steamships, which offered greater speed, maneuverability, and operational range compared to traditional sailing vessels. Steam power allowed ships to travel faster and in various weather conditions without relying solely on wind direction, making naval engagements more predictable and versatile.

With steam propulsion, naval fleets could engage in more strategic planning and execution of missions, as ships were no longer tied to the whims of the wind. Additionally, this technological advancement facilitated the development of larger, more heavily armed vessels, contributing to increased firepower and the effectiveness of naval tactics. The introduction of steam-powered ships, particularly in the context of battleships and cruisers, marked a significant evolution in naval capabilities, ultimately reshaping both naval warfare strategies and the broader implications for maritime trade and transportation.

The other options, such as the use of radar technology, the transition from wood to metal ships, and the movement to GPS systems, did not occur concurrently with the significant shift to steam power, thus marking the latter as a key milestone in the evolution of naval navigation and warfare.